For most mother/baby dyads, this ‘conversation’ develops naturally forming the foundation of a secure attachment relationship and healthy child development. However, a wide variety of challenges can undermine the parent-child relationship and create the need for additional support and guidance. This attachment-based approach can also assist maternal bonding in the perinatal period, in preparation for parenthood. In this sense, the Nurturing Families Programme is both reparative and preventative. The Nurturing Families Programme is effective across families with diverse needs, not least in promoting sensitive fathering. It can be especially effective in strengthening family relationships where a child has been diagnosed with autism, disability or chronic illness.